Topic: DISCOVER FAMOUS INVENTORS AND 

THEIR INVENTIONS, THAT HAVE MADE A 

DIFFERENCE IN OUR LIVES

Modernage Girls Campus

Class: Grade 2 students

Ayesha Bibi, Abeeha Najam, Aarmish Ahmad, Ibrahim Khan(2 Pearl)

Muhammad Abbas,Anaya Baber (2Emerlad) ,Haider Naveed,Anaya Qureshi (2 Diamond)

Noufal khalid, M.Younas khan, Ishmal Anus, Ariana Amin, Arwa Taseer (2 Opal)

Table of Contents:

Abstract

Chapter 1.History of wheel

Chapter 2.History of evolution of an aeroplane

            2.1 Aeroplane Timeline

Chapter 3. Mobile phone

            3.1 Mobile phone Time line

            3.2 Mobile phone, A transition from traditional telephones

Chapter 4. Computers

Chapter 5. Light Bulb

              Conclusion

Abstract:

Inventions and their inventors play a significant role in shaping the world we live in today. These advancements have made our lives more convenient and have revolutionized various fields. Grade 2 research was to discover Famous inventors and their inventions that have made a difference in our lives. 13 students have worked on this research project. Their research question was to identify specific aspects of famous inventors. Here are few inventions explored by grade 2 students. Wheel, Airplane, mobile phone, Computer and Bulb.

First list of well-known inventions that have had a significant impact on society was created. Students were briefed about inventions and their inventors. Later on students collected basic details such as the name of the inventor, the date of invention, and brief description of the invention’s purpose and functionality. Through literature review they have explored about famous inventions. They have collected secondary data through books, journals and internet. They made timeline and also gave detail about each invention Research was compiled in soft form and students have given presentations on their research topics.

Findings:

HISTORY OF WHEEL :

The wheel is one of the greatest inventions ever. It benefits us much. Wheel has greatly aided in improving and simplifying our lives. The wheel was not created by a single person; rather, early humans worked on it gradually over thousands of years. Around 3500 BC, people in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) were among the first to use the wheel to make pottery in prehistoric times. Later, people modified wheels to be used in wagons and carts. The wheel's design evolved over time. To make it stronger and lighter, spokes were added. This increased its usefulness for a variety of purposes. The wheel's design eventually inspired the creation of vehicles that we still use for mobility today, such as bicycles, cars, and truck. From being a basic tool for pottery, the wheel has developed into an essential component of contemporary transportation and mobility. The wheel was made into what it is today thanks to the efforts of numerous entrepreneurs and inventors throughout history.

Here are some modern inventions and applications that rely on wheels:

•             Automobiles

•             Bicycles

•             Electric scooters

•             Skateboards

•             Rollerblades and roller-skates

•             Luggage with wheels

•             Office chairs etc

HISTORY OF EVOLUTION OF AN AEROPLANE:

CARS:

People used to walk in the past to get to their destinations.

They eventually began using horse-drawn carriages and bullock 

carts for transportation. Modern modes of transportation were 

found over time by man, thanks to his divine intelligence. .

Austrian Karl Benz: In the 1800s, Karl Benz, an Austrian, 

created the first actual automobile. It had three wheels and 

an internal combustion engine for propulsion. 

Ford introduced the Model "T" in 1908. Its petrol engine, at 20 horsepower, could achieve 45 mph. The auto industry saw numerous revolutionary advancements between 1911 and 1992  

After more than 120 years of research and development, modern cars are the product. Modern cars come with amazing features these days. With these fancy autos, life has gotten so much easier. We can finally arrive at our destination on schedule. Traveling is now rather comfortable. Every modern automobile has every safety feature that matters for people's safety

Some luxury cars are:

1.      Rolls- Royce phantom

2.      BMW

3.      Mercedes-Benz

4.       Porch

5.       Audi

6.       Lamborghini

MOBILE PHONE:

Mobile phone, A transition from traditional telephones

:A number of engineers and scientists worked together 

over time to build the mobile phone; it was not created 

by a single person. But Martin Cooper invented the first 

mobile phone.  On April 3, 1973, he placed the first 

mobile phone call while working as an engineer for 

Motorola. There are various stages in the evolution 

of mobile phones from regular telephones.

1.       *19th-century Early Telephones: * In 1876, 

Alexander Graham Bell created the first telephone. 

Telephone wires were required for connections 

between users of these bulky, stationary early telephones.

2. Landlines (late 19th to mid-20th century) *: 

Homes and businesses started to use landline 

telephones extensively. Exchange of Information.

3.*Cell phones from the 1960s and 1970s: The initial 

step toward mobility was represented by cordless phones. 

They gave consumers a restricted range of mobility during 

calls. Still, they were reliant on a landline connection.

4.* Initial Cell Phones (1970s–1980s): * The first mobile 

phone was Martin Cooper's Motorola phone, as was 

previously mentioned. Users of these phones could 

place calls without being linked to a landline because 

they communicated over cellular networks. *

5. Vintage Cell Phones (1980s–1990s): * During this 

time, cell phones were bulky, heavy, and costly. 

Their battery life was short.

6.*Smartphones: [2000s–Present] Smartphones, which 

brought mobile communication and processing 

capability together, were more popular in the 21st century.

7. *Progress (from the 2010s till now):* With features 

like 5G connectivity, augmented reality, artificial 

intelligence, high-resolution cameras, and more, 

mobile phones have continued to advance.  

COMPUTER:

An electronic machine with multiple functions is called a computer.

The father of computers is regarded as Charles Babbage. 

A computer is a really helpful device that can easily handle many tasks, such as composing documents, sending emails, playing games, and surfing the web. Spreadsheets, presentations, and even films can be edited or made with this program.

 “First generation of computer’ The first generation computer occupied the area of three rooms or a large yard due to its size.

‘’ Second generation of computer ‘’ Transistors dominated the electronic component market in the 1950s and 1960s. The primary memory storing devices were magnetic disks or tapes. with a core that is magnetic. As the programming language, assembly language was employed

‘’ Third generation of computer ‘’ Between 1964 and 1970, third-generation computers were developed. Integrated circuits are used by them. They run an operating system and are smaller than computers from the second generation. A monitor is used to display the output on a third-generation computer, which uses a keyboard to input data.

. The third generation of computers was followed by extremely fast computers that consumed less power and heat. These days, we use fourth-generation computers, which are much more affordable and accessible to all. Future computers will be the fifth generation. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that aims to create computers that have human-like capabilities

BULB:

 Introduction:

One of the most influential inventions in human history, the light bulb completely changed the way we work, live, and interact with the outside world. The earliest artificial light source employed by early people was fire. After the sun set, it gave them warmth, permitted cooking, and lit their surroundings. Because it allowed us to continue living during the day, this discovery was a major turning point in our history.Gas lights were first used in the early 19th century, marking the next significant advancement in lighting technology

The Invention of the Electric Light Bulb:

The efforts of Sir Hiram Maxim, Sir Humphrey Davy, and Sir Warren de la Rue cleared the path for the development of the usable electric light bulb, even though earlier inventors had already established the foundation for electric illumination.  Early in the 19th century, the English astronomer and inventor Sir Warren de la Rue achieved important breakthroughs.

 

Thomas Edison,

Many people credit renowned American inventor Thomas Edison with creating the first usable incandescent light bulb.

Even though other people had achieved great strides in electric lighting, Edison's efforts resulted in a workable, commercial solution. At Menlo Park Laboratory, Edison and his colleagues concentrated on creating an electric light bulb that was both durable and useful in the late 1870s. They carried out a lot of testing and trials before they achieved a breakthrough in 1879. .. With further design improvements, Edison's light bulbs could now endure more than 1,200 hours by the early 1880s.With its practical and economically feasible approach to electric illumination, Edison's incandescent light bulb revolutionized the lighting industry. It sped up the switch from gas to electric lighting, changing cities, offices, and residences all across the world.

CONCLUSION:

In the nutshell we can say, the inventions of the wheel, airplane, mobile phone, computers, bulb and cars have revolutionized our lives in unimaginable ways. Each of these inventions has made a profound impact on different aspects of our daily routines, shaping how we travel, communicate and work.